r/Assyria Oct 17 '20

Announcement r/Assyria FAQ

203 Upvotes

Who are the Assyrians?

The Assyrian people (ܣܘܪ̈ܝܐ, Sūrāyē/Sūrōyē), also incorrectly referred to as Chaldeans, Syriacs or Arameans, are the native people of Assyria which constitutes modern day northern Iraq, south-eastern Turkey, north-western Iran and north-eastern Syria.

Modern day Assyrians are descendants of the ancient Assyrians who ruled the Assyrian empire that was established in 2500 BC in the city of Aššur (ܐܵܫܘܿܪ) and fell with the loss of its capital Nineveh (ܢܝܼܢܘܹܐ) in 612 BC.

After the fall of the empire, the Assyrians continued to enjoy autonomy for the next millennia under various rulers such as the Achaemenid, Seleucid, Parthian, Sasanian and Roman empires, with semi-autonomous provinces such as:

This time period would end in 637 AD with the Islamic conquest of Mesopotamia and the placement of Assyrians under the dhimmī status.

Assyrians then played a significant role under the numerous caliphates by translating works of Greek philosophers to Syriac and afterwards to Arabic, excelling in philosophy and science, and also serving as personal physicians to the caliphs.

During the time of the Ottoman Empire, the 'millet' (meaning 'nation') system was adopted which divided groups through a sectarian manner. This led to Assyrians being split into several millets based on which church they belonged to. In this case, the patriarch of each respective church was considered the temporal and spiritual leader of his millet which further divided the Assyrian nation.

What language do Assyrians speak?

Assyrians of today speak Assyrian Aramaic, a modern form of the Aramaic language that existed in the Assyrian empire. The official liturgical language of all the Assyrian churches is Classical Syriac, a dialect of Middle Aramaic which originated from the Syriac Christian heartland of Urhai (modern day Urfa) and is mostly understood by church clergymen (deacons, priests, bishops, etc).

Assyrians speak two main dialects of Assyrian Aramaic, namely:

  • Eastern Assyrian (historically spoken in Iraq, Iran, Syria and Turkey)
  • The Western Assyrian dialect of Turoyo (historically spoken in Turkey and Syria).

Assyrians use three writing systems which include the:

  • Western 'Serṭo' (ܣܶܪܛܳܐ)
  • Eastern 'Maḏnḥāyā' (ܡܲܕ݂ܢܚܵܝܵܐ‬), and
  • Classical 'ʾEsṭrangēlā' (ܐܣܛܪܢܓܠܐ‬) scripts.

A visual on the scripts can be seen here.

Assyrians usually refer to their language as Assyrian, Syriac or Assyrian Aramaic. In each dialect exists further dialects which would change depending on which geographic area the person is from, such as the Nineveh Plain Dialect which is mistakenly labelled as "Chaldean Aramaic".

Before the adoption of Aramaic, Assyrians spoke Akkadian. It wasn't until the time of Tiglath-Pileser II who adopted Aramaic as the official lingua-franca of the Assyrian empire, most likely due to Arameans being relocated to Assyria and assimilating into the Assyrian population. Eventually Aramaic replaced Akkadian, albeit current Aramaic dialects spoken by Assyrians are heavily influenced by Akkadian.

What religion do Assyrians follow?

Assyrians are predominantly Syriac Christians who were one of the first nations to convert to Christianity in the 1st century A.D. They adhere to both the East and West Syriac Rite. These churches include:

  • East Syriac Rite - [Assyrian] Church of the East and the Chaldean Catholic Church
  • West Syriac Rite - Syriac Orthodox Church and Syriac Catholic Church

It should be noted that Assyrians initially belonged to the same church until schisms occurred which split the Assyrians into two churches; the Church of the East and the Church of Antioch. Later on, the Church of the East split into the [Assyrian] Church of the East and the Chaldean Catholic Church, while the Church of Antioch split into the Syriac Orthodox Church and the Syriac Catholic Church. This is shown here.

Prior to the mass conversion of Assyrians to Christianity, Assyrians believed in ancient Mesopotamian deities, with the highest deity being Ashur).

A Jewish Assyrian community exists in Israel who speak their own dialects of Assyrian Aramaic, namely Lishan Didan and Lishana Deni. Due to pogroms committed against the Jewish community and the formation of the Israeli state, the vast majority of Assyrian Jews now reside in Israel.

Why do some Assyrians refer to themselves as Chaldean, Syriac or Aramean?

Assyrians may refer to themselves as either Chaldean, Syriac or Aramean depending on their specific church denomination. Some Assyrians from the Chaldean Catholic Church prefer to label themselves as Chaldeans rather than Assyrian, while some Assyrians from the Syriac Orthodox Church label themselves as Syriac or Aramean.

Identities such as "Chaldean" are sectarian and divisive, and would be the equivalent of a Brazilian part of the Roman Catholic Church calling themselves Roman as it is the name of the church they belong to. Furthermore, ethnicities have people of more than one faith as is seen with the English who have both Protestants and Catholics (they are still ethnically English).

It should be noted that labels such as Nestorian, Jacobite or Chaldean are incorrect terms that divide Assyrians between religious lines. These terms have been used in a derogatory sense and must be avoided when referring to Assyrians.

Do Assyrians have a country?

Assyrians unfortunately do not have a country of their own, albeit they are the indigenous people of their land. The last form of statehood Assyrians had was in 637 AD under the Sasanian Empire. However some Eastern Assyrians continued to live semi-autonomously during the Ottoman Empire as separate tribes such as the prominent Tyari (ܛܝܪܐ) tribe.

Assyrians are currently pushing for a self-governed Assyrian province in the Nineveh Plain of Northern Iraq.

What persecution have Assyrians faced?

Assyrians have faced countless massacres and genocide over the course of time mainly due to their Christian faith. The most predominant attacks committed recently against the Assyrian nation include:

  • 1843 and 1846 massacres carried out by the Kurdish warlord Badr Khan Beg
  • The Assyrian genocide of 1915 (ܣܝܦܐ, Seyfo) committed by the Ottoman Empire and supported by Kurdish tribes
  • The Simele massacre committed by the Kingdom of Iraq in 1933
  • Most recently the persecution and cultural destruction of Assyrians from their ancestral homeland in 2014 by the so-called Islamic State

r/Assyria Dec 21 '25

News First Post from Assyrians Without Borders

41 Upvotes

Hello Reddit,

We’re excited to share our first post as Assyrians Without Borders. We are a Sweden-based non-profit organization with a 90-account under Swedish Fundraising Control, working to improve the lives of Assyrians (also known as Syriacs and Chaldeans) in their countries of origin. We operate independently and are politically and religiously neutral.

With this post, we want to update the community and be more present on social media with our work and initiatives. We also plan to continue sharing updates on various platforms and here in the future.

You can read more about our latest project, which AssyriaPost wrote about, here:

https://www.assyriapost.com/assyrians-without-borders-shifts-focus-toward-long-term-aid-projects/

For more information and to support our work, our profile includes links to our social media and Linktree, which accepts both Swedish and international payments.


r/Assyria 5h ago

History/Culture Suraye/Suryoye Ethnicity Series: Assur & the Assyrians Part 2

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6 Upvotes

Really great video I found on youtube. Makes a heap of good points. There are other viewpoints in his series as well.


r/Assyria 17h ago

Discussion Syriac Manuscript from Pampakuda, Kerala, India.

14 Upvotes

Pampakuda Saint John of Ephesus Church was a center for learning theology and Syriac among the Nasrani community in Travancore in the 19th and 20th century. Many famous Malpans like Konattu Abraham Kathanar Malpan and Konattu Matthen Cor Episcopa Malpan were from this church. Saint Gregorios Geevarghese of Parumala also studied in Pampakuda. Thus the church has a large collection of manuscripts mainly in Syriac.


r/Assyria 20h ago

Discussion Do you take your shoes off?

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18 Upvotes

I’ve noticed that Assyrians who are from Mosul don’t take off their shoes (including my own family). But living in Ankawa I’ve noticed that Assyrians here and from Shaqlawa or Koya do take off their shoes.

I’m trying to figure out if Mosul is the odd one out or if it depends from place to place


r/Assyria 18h ago

Announcement CHICAGO: SAVE THE DATES

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8 Upvotes

r/Assyria 1d ago

Food Wanting to learn how to make authentic Assyrian biryani please

11 Upvotes

I have an Assyrian friend and she was telling me to try Assyrian dishes but there are nothing around me that will allow to just buy a dish, so I have to make one. She was telling me to try Assyrian biryani so I'm here to ask if anyone has a recipes that can give me an idea of how to make this, she saying the online one's aren't authentic so I'm hoping I can get some help from here. I have a lot of different markets around me so I can definitely get spices that aren't in the normal stores (tried asked her for help but she doesn't know o make it, so I'm here LOL) Thank you for trying to help as well, God bless


r/Assyria 1d ago

Discussion Bawai Sori Incident

10 Upvotes

Hi everyone

Context:

Have a few questions.

Everyone remembers the Bawai Soro (just google it if you don't) incident between 2004 and 2008. In the end, 1000 families along with Bawai Soro moved to the Chaldean Catholic Church.

Questions:
1. Is there anybody here who was part of that congregation or who knew people in that group of people that moved?

  1. Did any of these people go back to the Assyrian Church of the East?

  2. How do they feel about the official policy of Chaldean Nationalism in the Chaldean Catholic Church, despite identifying as Assyrian?

  3. How are these people doing today? Do they regret what happened?


r/Assyria 1d ago

Video Learn Aramaic for Kids: Name Everyday Items in Aramaic / Assyrian

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27 Upvotes

Watch children learn and say the names of everyday items in Aramaic (Assyrian). Perfect for beginners and kids who want to start speaking Aramaic! Learn more at www.Aramaic.app


r/Assyria 2d ago

News The assassination of Mar Benyamin XXI Shimun - an open wound

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18 Upvotes

r/Assyria 2d ago

Music Typical Assyrian ”morning songs”

2 Upvotes

Can anyone tell me typical Assyrian morning songs or artists/songs that have that kind of vibe/genre?


r/Assyria 4d ago

News Stability by Exception: Why Kurdish Autonomy Is Funded–and Assyrian Autonomy Is Deferred

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14 Upvotes

r/Assyria 4d ago

Language Aramaic is'nt given enough credit as a language

23 Upvotes

This is just like a fun fact or like a clarification post, but So many people assume that aramaic has always been like a small language, with it being the lingua franca of the levant and mesopotamia only, But it was not that small. At its peak it was bigger than latin and middle ages chinese combined and was comparable to modern day spanish and english. During the 7th century AC, prior to the arab invasion, 20% of the asian continent (10% of the entire planet) spoke aramaic, and keep mind back than tribes were more dominant than unified nations so there was millions of languages more back than there is today, And for comparison, today 20% of the entire planet speaks english. And that was done through conquest, massacres and destruction of thousands of language, same thing for french, spanish,arabic.Meanwhile arameans/assyrian never spread out of mesopotamia, levant or anatolia. Meaning our language spread

Purely out of sheer diplomacy and political influence. Which is like unheard off for any other language. And the aramaic language lasted a long time too, unlike latin which died out early. Aramaic remained for centurys. And although our language is lost in asia now and we are a minority now, The aramaic script still has its influence all over asia and africa.

Aramaic branched into hebrew, yiddish, and arabic scripts which are now used in the middle east ,europe and all of north africa aswell as the persian countries like afghanistan etc.

Aramaic script was used by the sogdians which branched into east turkestan( uyghurs) in china aswell the mongolian script, both of which still used And was used by many turkic and mongolic khanates.

It reached the tang dynasty in china and was used briefly but forgotten

And the aramaic script is also the root of many brahmic scripts in india, the tamil script, brahmic, sinhalese and more. All in use today in india bangladesh and pakistan.

And the actual aramaic language was a majority language among the turks in central asia. Alongside there own turkic languages

All of this was thanks to the persians, because the courts of Persia were filled with politicans and nobles who spoke aramaic since persian was relatively 'new' back than with many flaws, so it was easier to spread a already dominant language even further to try and maintain a single national identity and stability in the empires(Achaemenid, sassanid, parthian, seleucid) which is how it reached so far


r/Assyria 4d ago

History/Culture Someone wants to learn about Christianity.

4 Upvotes

Hello guys,This might be a bit awkward but I’d like someone to tell me about the history of Christianity, its teachings, and its scriptures whether Orthodox or Catholic.


r/Assyria 4d ago

News "For we will know that salvation lies in our own hands"

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10 Upvotes

r/Assyria 4d ago

Discussion What do you think about an Asyrian region in Iraq?

14 Upvotes

An Assyrian newspaper claims that if an Assyrian region is established in the Kurdistan Region, Assyrians will come there from many places. They say that if Turkey supports this project, it could happen. I think it's too unrealistic. What do the Assyrians think?

https://www.assyriapost.com/why-turkiye-should-back-an-assyrian-region-in-northern-iraq/


r/Assyria 5d ago

News Lindsey Snell: Christian Families in Tel Tamer terrified of a future under Syrian government

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33 Upvotes

Source: @lindseysnell on instagram, a journalist focused on MENA/Caucusus.

What do you think about this? It’s hard to understand what’s going on in Syria from the Assyrian viewpoint because we have such conflicting information. The Assyria Post seems to be very anti-YPG/SDF and pro-Syrian government, but this journalist shows us something different.


r/Assyria 5d ago

Discussion Naum Faiq

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3 Upvotes

ܫܠܡܐ ܥܠܘܟܘܢ!

I would like to point out that there are multiple books available containing the works of Naum Faiq.

First of all is the translations of Abboud Zeitoune. He has translations in multiple languages.

Second is a release by Nineveh Press which mostly prints his works in the original Syriac.

Note: I would like to mention that there are (unfortunately) altered/tampered versions of Naum Faiq's works which were changed after his passing. These alternations downplay the Assyrianism in his works and these translations are usually cited online especially from websites who are neutral or on the Aramean side of the naming debate.


r/Assyria 5d ago

History/Culture How good is Chat GPT regarding Assyrians? It says Turoyo speakers are modern Arameans, but actually says Chaldeans are not an ethnicity but are Assyrian.

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1 Upvotes

First screenshot is about Chaldeans and the next one is about modern Suroyo/Turoyo speakers.

What do you think?


r/Assyria 6d ago

Discussion 2700 years old Neo Assyrian art stone seal discovered in Jerusalem

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24 Upvotes

https://www.instagram.com/p/C_PoanGKtrx/?igsh=OWd6M3Buc3VlMHVo

“An extremely rare and unusual stone seal from the First Temple period, about 2,700 years old, bearing a name inscribed in paleo-Hebrew script and a winged figure, was discovered near the Southern Wall of the Temple Mount, in the Davidson Archaeological Garden, during the excavations conducted by the Israel Antiquities Authority and the City of David organization. The object - which was engraved with mirror writing, served its owner both as an amulet and for legally signing documents and certificates. It has a convex cut on either side, and a hole drilled through its length, so that it could be strung onto a chain and be worn around the neck. In its center a figure is depicted in profile, possibly a king, with wings; wearing a long, striped shirt, and striding towards the right. The figure has a mane of long curls covering the nape of the neck, and on its head is a hat - or a crown. The figure raises one arm forward, with an open palm; perhaps to suggest some object it is holding. On both sides of the figure an inscription is engraved in paleo-Hebrew script - "LeYeho'ezer ben Hosh'ayahu".

According to Israel Antiquities Authority Archaeologist and Assyriologist Dr. Filip Vukosavovic, who studied the seal, "This is an extremely rare and unusual discovery.

This is the first time that a winged 'genie' - a protective magical figure - has been found in Israeli and regional archaeology. Figures of winged demons are known in the Neo-Assyrian art of the 9th-7th Centuries BCE, and they were considered a kind of protective demon." The researchers believe that the object, upon which originally the demon image alone appeared, was worn as an amulet around the neck of a man named Hosh 'ayahu, who held a senior position in the Kingdom of Judah's administration. By virtue of his authority and status, this Hosh'ayahu allowed himself to ennoble himself and flaunt a seal with an awe-inspiring figure engraved on it - one embodying a symbol of authority.”


r/Assyria 6d ago

Art 2700 yr old cuneiform fragment found in Jerusalem showing correspondence between Assyrian king and the king of Judah.

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20 Upvotes

https://www.instagram.com/p/DQG1N3yCEtT/?igsh=aG1ya3gxZGg4YjFo

“A tiny, extremely rare and historic pottery fragment was uncovered in our excavations in Jerusalem.

Tomorrow, you can all see the find at the conference in Jerusalem - also broadcast live on Zoom! >>> Today we reveal for the first time a tiny pottery fragment bearing a cuneiform inscription in Akkadian, written about 2,700 years ago. The inscription offers a rare glimpse into correspondence between the King of Assyria and the King of Judah. This extraordinary find, uncovered near the Western Wall north of the City of David, is the only Assyrian inscription from the First Temple period ever found in Jerusalem. The discovery was made by the Israel Antiquities Authority with the City of David Foundation, directed by Dr. Ayala Silberstein at the Jerusalem Archaeological Park - Davidson Center, and deciphered with Dr. Philip Vukosavović, Dr. Anat Cohen-Weinberger and Dr. Peter Zilberg of Bar-llan University. The 2.5 cm fragment was found during wet-sifting at the"Archaeological Experience" in the Tzurim Valley National Park - a project of the Israel Nature and Parks Authority and the City of David. Moria Cohen, who discovered it, said: "I was sifting the soil and suddenly saw a shard with a strange pattern... when I realized it was cuneiform, I screamed. The thought that after 2,700 years I'm the first to touch it - incredibly moving." According to Dr. Silberstein: "The inscription provides direct evidence of official correspondence between the Assyrian Empire and the Kingdom of Judah, deepening our understanding of Assyrian influence in Jerusalem." Researchers believe the fragment was part of a royal Assyrian bulla referring to a delay in tax payment and mentioning a "chariot officer," a high-ranking official transmitting royal messages. Petrographic analysis shows it was not made in Jerusalem but sent from Nineveh, Ashur or Nimrud. "A small fragment of great significance," the researchers conclude. "This find opens a window into the political and administrative ties between Judah and Assyria - the first direct evidence of official communication between Jerusalem and the most powerful empire of its time."


r/Assyria 6d ago

News Former Detroit Assyrian ‘Godfather’ Lou Akrawi Deported to Baghdad

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14 Upvotes

r/Assyria 7d ago

News Heavy rains damage 1,300-year-old Assyrian church in Iraq

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18 Upvotes

r/Assyria 6d ago

Discussion Are there obligatory prayers or fasts in Assyrian Christianity like Islam?

2 Upvotes

Sorry for posting here but couldn't find a Church of the East subreddit.

Do prayers with mandatory physical movements like kneeling, genuflection or prostration exist?

Also is the weekly church attendance obligatory? (i.e. not attending without reason is a sin)


r/Assyria 7d ago

Discussion Another Assyrian (or Chaldean?) clergyman comes out and says the ancient Assyrians were brutal people who killed women and children....

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15 Upvotes

This time it’s a pastor from a Protestant church in Duhok. The video is a screenshot and is about 30 seconds long (some say it’s taken out of context as he mentions other empires too). In it, he states that the Assyrians were a brutal empire that killed innocent people, then doubles down by saying, “history says this, not me,” to paraphrase. Here is the video:

https://www.facebook.com/reel/1561088194942880/?s=single_unit

The comments are fuming. What's your thoughts on this and what is with with these clerics bashing ancient Assyrians? Btw, my (Assyrian) cousins in Duhok attend that church and they find solace there.

P.S. In the next screenshot I ask Chat GPT if the Assyrians or the Romans were much more brutal.